Investing isn’t just about picking winners; it’s about avoiding costly mistakes. Barry Ritholtz, a financial expert and author of the 2025 book How Not To Invest, argues that many investors lose money not because they lack skill but because they fall into predictable traps. Ritholtz is the chief investment officer of the financial planning and asset management firm Ritholtz Wealth Management.
“You don’t have to be smarter than everyone else—just less stupid,” he said.
So, what are some of these wealth-destroying mistakes, and how can you steer clear of them?
Key Takeaways
- Barry Ritholtz’s new book How Not to Invest warns investors of common pitfalls.
- Trusting financial forecasts is a losing game. Instead, focus on reliable long-term strategies.
- Emotional investing leads to costly mistakes; preparation and discipline are key.
- An excessive fear of risk can be just as damaging as reckless investing.
1. Falling into the Forecasting Trap
Investors love predictions—price targets, earnings forecasts, and market outlooks. But Ritholtz warns, “The media thrives on feeding ‘the daily beast’—constantly churning out content to keep people engaged.”
In reality, most economic forecasts fail because markets are inherently unpredictable and influenced by random events.
How To Avoid It:
- Curate a reliable network. “Build your own ‘all-star team’ of experts who don’t just get lucky but have a defensible, rational process,” Ritholtz said.
- Ignore bold predictions. Specific forecasts might sound convincing, but they often mislead. Instead, focus on time-tested investment principles and take seriously experts who admit that they don’t know.
- Think probabilistically. Investing is about putting the odds in your favor over time.
2. Emotional Investing
Market volatility triggers fear and greed, leading to rash decisions. “Plan ahead when you have the luxury of being rational and objective—not when the market is on fire,” Ritholtz said.
The worst mistakes—panic selling or chasing a hot stock—often occur when emotions take over.
How To Avoid It:
- Automate investing. Setting up regular contributions through dollar-cost averaging or using an automated approach like a robo-advisor removes emotional decision-making.
- Have a crisis plan. “Think of it like a fire drill,” Ritholtz said. “You don’t figure out what to do only when the flames are already at the door.”
- Look long-term. Markets recover. Reacting to short-term swings can derail long-term success.
3. Focusing Too Much on Avoiding Losses
Much of Ritholtz’s strategy is about avoiding unnecessary mistakes. But an excessive fear of risk can be just as damaging as reckless investing. “Overly cautious investors often miss good opportunities,” he said. Sitting on too much cash or refusing to invest can mean losing out to inflation and market gains.
How To Avoid It:
- Find balance. Don’t take extreme risks that put your financial future in danger, but avoiding reasonable risk entirely is its own mistake.
- Invest for your goals. A well-diversified portfolio tailored to your risk tolerance can help you stay in the game.
- Get expert guidance. If your finances are complex, consider a competent financial advisor, accountant, and attorney.
But Ignore ‘Spending Shamers’
Spending wisely is just as important as investing wisely. Many personal finance gurus today push extreme frugality, encouraging people to live below their means, but Ritholtz argues that financial health isn’t about denying yourself joy—it’s about making smart, intentional choices. “Ignore the spending shamers,” he said. “Being responsible doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy life.”
So, live within your means, but maximize it. “Look, if you want a boat—OK, but buy the one you can afford and will use. Make sure you’re getting value from your purchases,” he said.
How To Avoid Overspending:
- Set financial priorities. Decide what truly matters to you and allocate funds accordingly.
- Avoid lifestyle inflation. Just because you make more money doesn’t mean you have to spend more.
- Spend on experiences, not just stuff. Long-term happiness often comes from meaningful experiences rather than material goods.
The Bottom Line
The biggest investment mistakes aren’t about picking the wrong stocks, they’re about falling into predictable traps. “If you avoid unforced errors, you’ll already be ahead of most investors,” Ritholtz said. Focus on long-term strategies, manage risk wisely, and let the markets work in your favor.